正性情绪刺激效价强度的变化对外倾个体注意的调制作用

The Valence Strength of Positive Stimuli Modulates the Attention in Extraverts Study

大量研究证明外倾性与正性情绪相关，且已有行为和fMRI研究表明外倾个体对正性刺激存在注意偏向。研究假设外倾个体对正性情绪刺激投入更多的注意资源，且注意程度受正性刺激效价强度变化的调制。实验采用内隐情绪任务和改进后的oddball范式，利用ERP技术高度精确的时间分辨率，在一个较短的时间窗口内考察外倾被试在三种效价条件下(极端正性刺激，中等正性刺激，中性刺激)与注意相关的P2波幅是否两两差异显著。结果表明，外倾被试组在三种条件下P2波幅两两差异显著，且极端正性刺激诱发的P2波幅最大，中等正性刺激诱发的P2波幅次之，中性刺激诱发的P2波幅最小；非外倾被试组的P2波幅在三种情况下无显著差异。研究结果从ERP的角度证明了外倾被试对正性刺激存在注意偏向，且注意程度随正性刺激效价强度的变化而变化。

Considerable research has confirmed the correlation between extraversion and positive affects（Costa et al， 1980 and 1990；Canli et al.， 2001， Amin et al.， 2004）. In early studies， Costa and McCrae（1980）found that individuals who exhibited a high degree of extraversion─the tendency to be upbeat， optimistic， and to enjoy social contact─reported more positive emotions in everyday life than less extraverted individuals. Furthermore， this association proved effective in predicting levels of positive affects 10 years later（Costa and McCrae， 1980）. In addition， highly extroverted individuals are reported slower to shift attention away from locations of positive incentive values compared with less extroverted individuals， suggesting an attentional bias of extroverts for emotionally positive stimuli （Derryberry & Reed， 1994）. Consistent with these behavioral studies， the functional neuroimaging study by Amin and colleagues replicated the findings that neural activations elicited by positive stimuli increased with the degree of extroversion by an emotional dot─probe task（Amin et al.， 2004）. The results showed increased neural reactivity in the rights fusiform gyrus with higher extroversion scores during a positive neutral match condition（the probe matched the neutral location）， where extroverts made more efforts for a response due to their attentional bias for positive stimuli（Derryberry & Reed， 1994；Amin et al. 2004）.