中国传统儒家责任心理思想探究

Exploration into Chinese Traditional Confucian Thoughts on Responsibility

与西方个人主义文化背景下建构的责任心理观不同，传统儒家以“天人合契”思想为主旨，强调在关系伦理的价值体系中探求责任心理的现实定位，从而形成了一种以朴素的血缘亲情为基础，以“孝悌”为核心，外推“礼义”以至人类社会与自然的责任心理观。它视“民胞物与”的仁爱精神、“敬德保民”的王道信念、“心忧天下”的忧患意识为核心内容，主张以个人为起点，经由“诚”“敬”的主观修养、“知行合一”的力行实践，并辅以外在刑罚约戒，达致“克己让人”的为他责任人格。责任心理思想是传统儒家学说“七本天道、下理人情”，融贯道德理想于人伦日用的中心环节。

As a most important social and psychological theme， the idea of responsibility expresses specific values， and reflects the typical cultural-related characteristics. Different from Western responsibility viewpoints originated from an individualism background， traditional Confucianism places emphasis on exploring the role of responsibility in relational ethics systems. According to Confucianism， it is not subjectivity of individual but “harmony of man with nature” that constitutes the logical starting point of responsibility inquiry. Upon such premise， Confucian understandings of responsibility peculiarly exhibit the structural feature of “rationalizing human beings practice abiding by natural rules”. On this account， traditional Confucianism bases the concept of responsibility on plain blood kinship， and forms “ritual and fitness” principles， to which “the filial piety” is central. Furthermore， the extensive application of those principles to the whole society is suggested as well.