青少年的性节制：生活史的观点

Sexual Restrictedness in Adolescence: A Life History Perspective

生活史是研究身体发育与后代繁衍时间表的一种进化方法。本研究根据生活史理论调查与分析了13000余名“婚前节欲”性教育规划中青少年的性态度、性信念与性行为关系。因子分析结果显示，多种性信念和性态度可以整合成一个一般因子，性节制。可以假设，性节制是生活史策略的一个维度。性节制的表现主要包括：性自我克制的意愿、承认性抑制的个人和社会原因、积极肯定青少年的节欲行为、否认性行为的积极影响、回绝性行为的技能、以健康为由赞同性抑制，以及对宗教的虔诚与笃信等。研究结果显示，性节制因子上的低分与更频繁性行为有关，年龄与性别变量对二者关系没有影响。本文还探讨了性态度、性行为以及人类生活史间的关系。

Life history is an evolutionary approach to the study of the timing of developmental milestones and reproductive activities. We follow this theoretical approach in an analysis of the sexual attitudes， beliefs and behaviors of over 13，000 12 to 19 year olds who participated in a sexual education program promoting abstinence until marriage. Factor analyses of this survey data revealed a general factor – Sexual Restrictiveness – hypothesized to be a dimension of the life history strategy and that underlies a variety of self-reported sexual beliefs and attitudes. The corresponding responses include expressed intentions to abstain from sex， endorsed personal and social reasons to refrain from sex， positive attitudes towards teenage abstinence， and lack of endorsement of positive aspects of sex; related responses perceived refusal skills regarding sex， endorsed health reasons to abstain from sex， and religiosity. As expected， lower scores on the Sexual Restrictedness factor were associated with more frequent endorsement of sexual behavior， even when statistically controlling for age and gender. The relation between these sexual attitudes and reported sexual behaviors and life history evolution in humans is discussed.