面部表情识别的即时加工过程

Online Processing of Facial Expression Recognition

采用眼动记录技术探讨面部表情识别的即时加工过程。基本的面部表情可以分为三种性质：正性、中性和负性，实验一探讨大学生对这三种面部表情识别即时加工过程的基本模式；实验二采用遮蔽技术探讨面部不同部位信息对面部表情识别的影响程度。结果发现：（1）被试对不同性质面部表情识别的即时加工过程存在共性，其眼动轨迹呈“逆V型”；（2）被试对不同性质面部表情的识别存在显著差异，在行为指标和眼动指标上都有体现；（3）对不同部位进行遮蔽，眼动模式发生了根本性改变，遮蔽影响面部表情识别的反应时和正确率；（4）面部表情识别对面部不同部位信息依赖程度不同，眼部信息作用更大。上述结果提示，个体对不同性质面部表情识别的即时加工过程具有共性，但在不同性质面部表情识别上的心理能量消耗不同；并且表情识别对面部不同部位信息依赖程度不同，对眼部信息依赖程度更大。

Human faces convey important messages， such as identity， age， sex， and emotional expression. The traditional view of facial expressions is that certain configurations of facial muscle contractions convey information about the emotional state of a person. Certain facial expressions and certain emotions are intimately tied together. There are many studies emphasizing on the influencing factor of facial expression recognition. The results indicate that influencing factors include age (Pf?tze， 2002)， emotion condition (Mullins， 2004)， and healthy (Hall， 2004) so on. But there are few researches about how these factors influence facial expression recognition. During facial expression recognition， the eye fixation location plays an important role. Fixation sites and fixation durations are closely time-locked to ongoing perceptual and cognitive process during picture perception (Henderson， 2005). We can understand the essence of facial expression recognition through analyzing the eye movement of facial expression recognition.The aim of the research presented here was to explore the on-line process of facial expression recognition. This study consists of two experiments. The experiment 1 investigated the basic model of on-line process of recognizing the heterogeneity facial expression of undergraduate; the experiment 2 examined the effect of different facial part on recognition facial expression using shade technology.MethodIn two experiments， the recognition-decision paradigm was used. The participants were required to decide which kinds the facial expression pictures belong to- positive， neutrality and negative. Thirty-six undergraduate students participate in two experiments (18 in experiment 1 and 2 respectively). When participants performed， their eye movement was recorded by using 504 model eyetracker produced by America Science Laboratory. Excel managed the raw data. For testing significant differences between participants’ response to stimuli， ANOVA analyses were performed. The null hypothesis was rejected if a p-value less than 0.05 were obtained. All data were analyzed using SPSS 11.0 (SPSS inc， Chicago， USA).ResultsThe data analyses showed that: (1) the eye trace of the heterogeneity expression recognition of subjects has common character which their eye moves the same path of