沉思和分心对负情绪和自传体记忆的影响

Effects of Rumination and Distraction on Negative Emotion and Autobiographical Memory

探讨在诱发了抑郁、焦虑、悲伤等负性情绪后，沉思和分心对正常成人的情绪主观报告、生理变化和自传体记忆的作用。64名被试被随机分为两组，用故事和电影短片分别诱发了负性和中性（控制组）两种情绪状态。然后进行随机分组，分别进行分心和沉思的反应任务。测量四组被试的情绪主观报告、生理变化以及多种形式和性质的自传体记忆。结果表明：（1）沉思和分心对这些负情绪的调节作用不显著；（2）沉思引起更多的负性记忆，正性复合指数更小，自传体记忆的具体性更弱。结论：沉思导致更多负性记忆，维持了概括性记忆，更有可能加重已经激活的负情绪。

Nolen-Hoeksema proposed a response style theory in 1987， which claimed that distraction would be more effective in alleviating a depressed mood than rumination. On the basis of this theory， a variety of studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of rumination and distraction. It is consistently suggested that rumination may lead individuals to recall more negative autobiographical memory and run into a kind of negative vicious circle， and then maintain and exacerbate depressed mood.