彝族、白族和纳西族大学生的基本颜色词分类

Comparative Study on the Classifying of Basic Color Terms by Yi Nationality，Bai Nationality and Naxi Nationality’Students

运用自然分类和多维标度法，研究了彝族、白族和纳西族237名大学生对11种基本颜色词的分类。结果表明，三个民族的大学生对11种基本颜色词的分类有一致之处，但也有文化差异。主要表现在：⑴基本颜色词的分类数目不同；⑵基本颜色词的类别不同；⑶基本颜色词语义空间的维度不完全相同；⑷每一类别中包含的颜色词及颜色词的数目不同。这些差异体现了文化和语言对颜色认知的影响。

The relation between the color terms and color cognition is a core issue in domains of cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics since it concerns the relation between language and cognition. Up till now，3 distinctive theories on this issue have emerged. Color–term evolution theory advocated that color terms and color cognition were mutual independent，the hypothesis of linguistic reality held that color terms affected color cognition，the compromise view believed that color cognition of human had universal pattern but language and culture exerted some influences on color cognition.In this research，three hypothesis mentioned above were examined by 3 nation students.This 3 nations were Yi nation，Bai nation and Naxi nation，they all lived in Yunnan province located in southwest of China.Method 238 undergraduate students（104 males and 133 females），they came from two universities of Yunnan province，took part in the Experiment. Among the students，85students （42males and 43females）came from Yi nation，93students（31males and 62 females）came from Bai nation，60 students（32males and 28 females）came from Naxi nation. The materials were 11 Chinese basic color terms：black，white，red，orange，yellow，green，blue，purple，palm，grey and pink.The subjects were asked to classify 11 color terms according to their own criterions. The outcomes of classifying were analysed by the method of multi-dimensional scaling .Results The results showed that 3 nations students’ classifying of basic color terms were consistent in general，but there were important culture differences in 3 nations stuents’classfying：⑴the numbers of category were different；⑵the categories of basic color terms were different；⑶the dimensions of the basic color terms’　semantic spaces were deferent，and ⑷the color terms of each category included and the number of color terms in each category were different also.These differences reflected the effects of cultures and languages on the cognition of color.