后经验主义时代的理论心理学

Theoretical Psychology in a Post-Empiricist Era

随着经验实证主义的衰落，心理学迎来了后经验主义时代。在后经验主义时代，人们对理论和经验观察的关系有了新的理解。理论不再是经验观察的附属物，相反，经验事实是被理论决定的。理论不是经验事实的概括和归纳，而是一种文化历史的建构。后经验主义时代的理论心理学以库恩的范式论、现象学、释义学和社会建构论作为自己的哲学基础。理论的评价标准不再是与经验事实的一致性。因为经验事实由于受到理论的污染，不再是一种客观的标准。在后经验主义条件下，理论的评价标准可建立在概念和逻辑、价值观和意识形态、修辞与叙事以及实践和应用的水平上。

With the progressive undermining of empirical positivism， psychology is now entering a post-empiricist era. New understanding has been taken on the relation between theory and observation. Theory is no more a second-class enterprise psychologists make in spare time after completing the difficult empirical researches. Rather， theory is active and the empirical facts gain their meanings from their theory. On this account， theory is not from the generalization and induction of empirical facts， inst