儿童外显视空间注意转移

Overt Visual-Spatial Attention Shifts in Children

采用提示范示探讨了三六年级儿童的外显视空间注意转移。实验结果表明：内源性提示下儿童表现出显著的提示效度效应，其效度效应量在年龄组间没有显著差异；较短SOAs的外源性提示下，儿童表现出显著的提示效应效应；较长SOAs的外源性提示下儿童没有表现出返回抑制效应。用注意的过滤器理论和对象文件模型讨论了本研究的结果。

Individuals orient to information involving either overt movements of the head， eyes， or body， or covert shifts of attention whereby the head， eyes， or body remain stationary in their visual environment. Overt orienting and covert orienting used to be accepted as independent systems. However， increased brain imaging studies have showed that they share the common brain functions. Both overt and covert attention can be endogenously or exogenously aroused. Endogenous attention was summoned by behavior goals or intentions of observer， whereas exogenous attention was deployed by salient information that appeared at the peripheral location of the observer’s visual field. Ever since Posner rendered this categories in early 1980’s ， studies on endogenous and exogenous visual spatial attention shifts has been an important research field. A wealth of studies has revealed cue-validity effect， SOA effect and IOR effect in covert attention shifts. Yet little attention has been paid to overt attention shifts， despite that overt visual-spatial attention shift was more common in daily life. In order to better understand the relation between covert and overt attention shifts， performance of children’s overt attention shifts were examined. Similar effects in this two systems were expected because covert and overt shifts of attention are subserved by similar neural mechanisms.