不同任务定向下小学儿童学习时间分配决策水平的发展

The Development of Children’s Ability of Allocation of Study Time under Different Task Orientations

研究包含3个实验，分别探查了儿童在”速度定向”、”准确性定向”以及”速度和准确性定向”3种任务定向下学习时间分配决策水平的发展。3个实验均采用3×3混合设计，选择小学2年级、小学4年级、小学6年级学生各人为被试，提供难度不同的3种材料，考查在限定的时间内儿童在3种材料间进行的学习时间分配决策水平的发展。结果：（1）在三种任务定向下，儿童学习时间分配决策水平均随年龄增长而提高。（2）不同的任务定向要求对不同年级儿童学习时间分配决策的影响不同。（3）在本实验条件下，儿童学习时间分配策略的使用，经历了， 三个阶段：第一个阶段，不使用策略；第二个阶段，使用策略但效果不稳定；第三个阶段，使用策略且有稳定效果。

Introduction. Allocation of study time is about the ability related to children’s learning strategies. There are many studies concerning children’s allocation of study time. However， the results re mixed about whether the middle age elementary school students can allocate their study time properly. Moreover， researchers have never compared the three different orientations（speed-oriented， accuracy-oriented， and speed╱accuracy-oriented）in one study. The current study was conducted to explored the real rule of development of children’s ability of allocation of study time under those three conditions.