污名应对研究：发展脉络、理论取向与展望

Research into Coping with Stigma: Retrospect, Current Theoretical Approaches and Prospect

污名应对是指被污名者运用不同策略来反抗社会赋予他们的贬低性标签的动态过程。这一领域的研究正在从站在污名施予者的立场考察污名的影响转向到强调被污名者作为主动应对者。目前，对污名应对的研究有三种理论取向：权衡比较取向、认同威胁取向和个人与情境互动取向。污名应对研究对于改善被污名者的心理健康和改进消除污名影响的政策等有重要意义。未来应进一步加强对可隐藏性污名应对的研究，综合使用量化和质性研究范式，关注污名应对的纵向研究，加强污名应对理论的实际应用。

Coping with stigma refers to a dynamic process in which the stigmatized make use of diverse coping strategies to manage discounting labels from society. Researches in this field are witnessing a transition from the perspective of the stigmatizer to the perspective of the stigmatized， which highlights the stigmatized as active responders.Currently， there are three influential theoretical approaches in the field: the trading-off approach， the identity threat approach， and the person-environment interaction approach. The implications of such research are discussed in relation to intervening with the mental health of the stigmatized， and to improving regulations and policies towards helping the stigmatized. It is suggested that the researches in this field should pay more attention to the concealable stigmas， to an action-based studies， and to collecting data by combining with quantitative and qualitative methods， as well as to the longitudinal studies.