工作狂的研究述评

A Review of Research about Workaholism

工作狂是指那些在强烈的内部动机的驱动下，长期投入大量时间和精力到工作上的个体，其形成和发展可以用成瘾模型、强化理论、特质理论和家庭系统理论来解释，工作狂的测量工具主要有工作成瘾风险测验、工作狂问卷和工作狂行为量表。该领域的研究者对于人格变量、人口统计学变量和组织因素等工作狂前因变量及健康、人际关系等工作狂的结果变量的探讨比较深入，但在概念界定、理论整合、测量工具、取样和变量探索等方面还有待进一歩研究。

The study of workaholism was reviewed in this article. Workholism involves difficult disengaging from work， a strong drive to work， intense enjoyment of work， and additional devotement much time and energy to work. The paradigms employed to explain workholism include addiction model， reinforcement theory， trait─based paradigm， and ， more recently， family─systems model. The importance of measurement validation has been one that has plagued the early development of workaholism research. Currently， there are three validated measures of workaholism：Work Addiction Risk Test， Workholism Battery and Workholic Behavior Scale. Some of researches have focused on dealing with antecedents of workholism， such as personality， demographic variables and organizational factors， and the consequences of workaholism include health and relationship. The workaholism research arena is still in its infancy， thus， there is ample opportunity to develop the concept and theoretically integrated research programmes， also the measurement and sampling research in the future.