阅读障碍的巨细胞系统缺陷理论之争

Controversy in Visual Magnocellular Deficit theory Associated with Dyslexia

近几年诸多研究者认为阅读障碍是由于视觉系统巨细胞功能缺陷引起的，他们从对比度敏感性研究，巨细胞抑制功能研究与视觉运动知觉功能的研究结果中得到了支持证据。就这个问题的研究进行综述，表明不论是巨细胞功能缺陷理论的支持者还是反对者，都从巨细胞的对比度敏感性、视觉运动知觉与巨细胞抑制功能上得到了一些研究结果的支持，巨细胞功能缺陷理论的支持者还从阅读障碍的神经生理学研究和阅读的脑功能研究中得到了一些支持性的证据。新的研究结果揭示了巨细胞系统缺陷理论与阅读之间的关系以及巨细胞系统缺陷理论的应用价值。在巨细胞系统缺陷理论的进一歩研究中，还需要统一实验方法与实验标准以获得更多的证据，同时需要有的方法来有效区分小细胞系统与巨细胞系统。

It has been claimed by quite a few researchers that dyslexia results from magnocellular deficits in the visual system. Main evidences came from studies of visual contrast sensitivity， magnocellular suppress function and visual motion perception. The present paper reviews these studies both in support of an in opposition to this claim. It is showed that both the advocate and the opponent for the magnocellular deficit theory could provide evidences in spatial contrast sensitivity， motion perception and magnocellular suppress function. Furthermore， the paper also cited more evidences in support of the magnocellular deficit theory form physiology studies and language reading magnocellular system deficit theory. It was suggested that uniform criterion for experiment methods in visual contrast sensitivity research should be set up to validate the magnocellular system deficit theory and new methods to differentiated parvocellular system form magnocellular system should be developed.