记忆的知觉干扰效应研究概述

Perceptual Interference Effect in Memory

知觉干扰效应是指在识记阶段呈现一个单词，紧接着给予一个倒行掩蔽的刺激，在随后的记忆测验中被试表现出对单词的记忆增强的一种现象，知觉干扰效应的影响因素分为测验方式、实验设计方式、实验材料的属性和其它影响因素四个方面。理论解释主要有六种：精细加工假说、时空背假说、任务要求假说、补偿加工假说、选择性复述假说以及项目特异关联假说。最后、文章从研究领域和实验材料的拓展以及主观因素的影响展望了该研究领域。

The perceptual interference effect is a phenomenon that a study word is better remembered later on if presented briefly and followed by a backward mask. Affecting factors of the perceptual interference， such as testing modes， experimental design， and properties of materials， were summarized. There were six major hypotheses for the perceptual interference effect：Elaboration Account， Spatio─Temporal context， Westerman & Greene Account， Compensatory─Processing Account， Selective Rehearsal Hypothesis and Item─Specific─Relation Framework. In conclusion， further research in this filed should be focused on extending research areas and experimental materials， and on the impact of subjective factors.