自我、文化与记忆：自传体记忆的跨文化研究

Self, Memory and Culture：Advance in Cross─Cultural Researches of Autobiographical Memory

自传体记忆不仅是对过去自我经验的和提取，还反映了特定的社会和文化背景。近年来，自传体记忆跨文化研究表明，东西方被试在最早记忆年龄、记忆容量和具体性、内部语言的使用、记忆取向等面存在差异。文章从自我概念、亲子回忆和叙事方式、社会变迁和文化多元化等角度，探讨了文化自我表现对于自传体记忆的核心意义。Nelson 和Fivush的社会文化发展则从发展的角度动态考察了内外因素对自传体记忆产生文化和个体差异的机制。文章还回顾了自传体记忆跨文化研究的主要方法。最后，文章探讨了自传体记忆跨文化及相关领域的研究前景和存在的问题。

Autobiographical memory reflects not only the processing and retrieving of self─knowledge， but also the specific social and cultural background. In recent decade， researches of cross─culture to autobiographical memory suggested that， in general， the differences existed in the age of earliest recollection， volume and specialty， using of internal state language， autonomous orientation between the east and the west. In addition， this paper regarded different self─view as the root of cross─cultural differences of autobiographical memory， and discussed its influence from the perspectives of self─concept， narrative style and parent─child memory sharing， transferring of society and multi─culture. The paper also dynamically explored effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on cultural and individual differences from the developmental perspective based on Social Culture Developmental Theory. Finally， the paper referred to main methods in current and research trends in future.