老年人的依恋特点

The Features of Attachment in Old Adulthood

老年阶段进人依恋研究者的视野是上个世纪90年代之后才陆续开始的。十几年来，该领域积累了不少研究成果。一系列研究考查了不同依恋对老年人生活的影响，包括对兄弟姐妹、成年子女、配偶、父母的依恋以及一种殊殊的依恋：符号化依恋；不少研究发现了依恋模式分布的年龄效应，冷漠型和安全型依恋是老师依恋主要模式，这与年轻成人的分布有很大差异；当前关于老师依恋的心理功能研究主要集中于以下两大领域：（1）老师依恋与慢性疾病中的照料；（2）老年依恋与心理健康。对于老年人依恋的研究还远未达到成熟的地歩，老年依恋的测量工具极待改进，跨文化的研究也需要进一歩推广。

It’s just from last 90’s that the area of old people’s attachment began to raise interests among psychologist. Despite of its short history， numbers of researches have been taken in many aspects. Various attachment objects such as siblings， adult children， spouse， parents and God as a symbol， were found in elderly. Age effects were indicated in terms of attachment styles. And the mental function of attachment has been examined mainly within two fields. One was care giving and chronic illness；the other was adjustment and subjective well─being. Apparently though， some challenges are facing researchers at the moment， such as the relationship between concepts of attachment behavior and attachment style， development of measures for specific situations， and the implication of culture to attachment in elderly etc.