婴儿期母语音位范畴习得：来自言语知觉的证据

Acquisition of Native─language Phonemic Category in Infancy：Evidence from Speech Perception

婴儿期言语知觉研究表明婴儿最初（1〜4个月）可以分辨几乎所有的语音范畴对比；随母语经验增加，婴儿言语知觉逐渐表现出母语语音特征的影响，辅音知觉表现为对母语语之范畴界限敏感性的提高和对非母语范畴界限敏感性的下降，非母语范畴开始同化到母语音系中去，母语元音知觉表现出知觉磁体效应。这些证据表明婴儿逐渐习得母语音位范畴，音位范畴习得顺序可能依赖范畴例子本身的声学特征、发生频率等因素。

Researches about speech perception in infancy indicate 1─4 month─old infants can discriminate most phonetic category contrast， including native category contrasts and nonnative category contrasts. With more exposure to native─language， the effects of native─language phonology on infant speech perception emerge：perception of consonants evidences the increasing sensitivity to native phonetic category boundaries and the deceasing sensitivity to nonnative category boundaries， the nonnative phonetic category being assimilated with the native category， and perceptive of native vowels exhibits “the perceptual magnet effect”. These facts indicate infants come to acquire native─language phonemic category， the order of native category acquisition possibly depends on some factors， such as the acoustic characteristics and the frequency of occurrence of category examples.