儿童问题解决中的模拟迁移

Analogical Transfer of Problem─Solving Strategies in Children

儿童问题解决中的模拟迁移是儿童认知发展中的一个基本问题，但在儿童发展研究中却一直没有得到足够的重视 。在对儿童问题解决中的模拟迁移研究进行回顾和总结的基础上，特别是仔细分析最近十年里的模拟迁移研究，该文总结出了儿童问题中模拟迁移研究的发展趋势，主要包括从探讨迁移是否存在到验证迁移是一种早期能力、从关注迁移的年龄差异到关注促进迁移的有关因素、从关注迁移是否是基本能力到关注迁移的加工制机、从描述迁移技能到领域概化、从关注近迁移到关注远迁移。最后，该文对未来儿童问题解决中的模拟迁移研究进行了展望。

Analogical transfer of problem─solving strategies， which refers to the generation of problem─solving strategies across isomorphic tasks， is a fundamental issue in the study of children cognitive development. Until fairly recently， analogical transfer has received little sustained attention in child development research. However， numerous studies have been conducted over the past decade， thus providing insights into issues central to children’s thinking and analogical problem solving. This article describes recent advances in the research on children’s analogical transfer. Several trends in research focus have emerged：from performance to early competencies， from age differences to facilitative factors， from abilities to underling processes， from demonstration of skills to generalization to various domains， and from near to remote transfer. Finally， directions for future research in this filed are suggested.