出院精神病患者的职业康复

Vocational Rehabilitation for Outpatients with Mental Illness

精神病患出院后的职业康复研究是目前西方精神疾病康复研究的热点。通过帮助出院后症状稳定的精神病患就业，来帮助患者获得技能，获取收入，增强自信和自我认同，提升生活质量，较好地回归社会。文章从总体上介绍了职业康复的研究现状与进展，并着重阐述了较新的支持性就业、个体支持性就业、工作社交技能训练和综合性支持性就业等方法，旨在为我国的相关研究提供参考。

Vocational rehabilitation is a focus of concern among psychiatric rehabilitation researchers in western countries. Vocational rehabilitation helps those with severe mental illness achieve and maintain jobs which supply them with a source of income， provide a source of self─esteem and identity， advance their quality of life， and facilitate them towards community re─integration. In this article， recent advances in research and practice of vocational rehabilitation are reviewed which include the Individual Placement and Support（IPS） model， Work─related Social Skills Training（WSST）， and the newly developed Integrated Supported Employment（ISE）service protocol. Their implications for further development in mainland China are discussed.