工作记忆中的词长效应

The Word Length Effect in Working Memory

工作记忆中的词长效应是指在即时序列回忆中短单词列的成绩优于长单词列的现象。该文首先回顾与词长效应有关的实验研究及阐述对应的理论解释，包括经典的语音回路理论和新近提出的特征模型、整合理论、项目位置权衡理论和SIMPLE理论等，然后介绍在这一方面运用脑成像技术研究的进展，如ERP， PET和fMRI方面的研究，为词长效应理论解释提供了进一步的证据，接着讨论词长效应研究中存在的争议，最后简评各主要理论并展望了今后研究的趋势。

The word length effect in working memory is the finding that short items are remembered better than long items on immediate serial recall tests. Above all， the article reviewed the experimental researches on word length effect and explained the corresponding theories including the classic phonological loop hypothesis， the feature model， integration theory， item-order trade off perspective and SIMPLE model proposed in recent years. Then it introduced the advance in the applications of neuroimaging technology on the effect， such as ERP， fMRI and PET， which provided the further evidences. Moreover， the disputes were discussed. At last it commented briefly the theories and predicted the research trend in the future.