决策与推理的双系统--启发式系统和分析系统

Two Systems in Decision-making and Reasoning: Heuristic System and Analytic System

近来，在决策与推理的研究中，研究者提出了双系统作用模型：基于直觉的启发式系统和基于理性的分析系统。启发式系统加工速度较快，不占用或占用很少的心理资源，容易受背景相似性、刻板印象的影响；分析系统加工速度慢，占用较多的心理资源，遵从逻辑和规则，而且两个系统有不同进化历史和神经基础。该文根据已有的相关研究，综述了双系统在决策与推理中可能的作用机制、相互关系、个体差异，同时指出了目前研究存在的不足。

Researchers in decision-making and reasoning have recently proposed that there are two distinct cognitive systems: heuristic system and controlled analytic system. The former is a relatively effortless system that relies on prior knowledge， judgmental heuristics， and immediate experience; the latter is a slower， effortful， resource-dependent， rule-based one. The two systems have sharply differing evolutionary histories and neuro-logical substrates. The mechanism of the two systems in decision-making and reasoning process， the relationship of them， the individual difference variables and some limitations were also discussed in this article.