交互记忆系统研究回顾与展望

Transactive Memory System Research: Review and Prospect

交互记忆系统是团队成员之间形成的一种彼此依赖的，用以编码、储存和提取不同领域知识的合作分工系统。其研究有助于发现高效工作团队如何处理解决问题所需要的信息，解释团队成员怎样通过发挥各自的专长去解决团队面临的问题。它是解释团队知识处理过程的一个机制。相关研究已有近20年的历史。文章从交互记忆系统的形成和维护、测量、影响因素及其对团队有效性的作用等几个方面对已有研究进行回顾，并指出其对管理研究和管理实践的借鉴意义及未来可能的研究方向。

A transactive memory system（TMS）is the cooperative division of labor that team members in interdependent relationships developed with respect to the encoding， storage， and retrieval of information from different substantive domains. The construct can explain how members of effective teams process information needed for solving problems， and how they apply what they know. TMS is especially relevant for understanding team knowledge processes. Research on TMS theory has a history of nearly 20 years. In this article， several important aspects of TMSs were reviewed， such as their formation and maintenance， measurement， impacting factors， and effects on team effectiveness. The authors finally pointed out their significance for management study and practice， and some suggestions for future research directions were provided.