归类不确定时特征推理的单类说理论

The Development of the Single-category View When Categorization Is Uncertain

人们不能完全确定某个事物应该归入哪个类别的情境，被称作[归类不确定的情境]。关于归类不确定情境中的特征推理，目前有两种理论解释：Anderson的理性模型和Murphy与Ross的[单类说]。理性模型认为，在归类不确定情境中，预测事物是否具有某个特征时，人们会考虑该事物可能属于的所有类别，既会考虑靶类别的信息，又会考虑非靶类别的信息。单类说则相反，认为在归类不确定情境下的特征推理，人们只会考虑靶类别的信息，而不考虑非靶类别的信息。该文重点介绍了单类说的发展进程，并对归类不确定情境中的特征推理进行了展望。

When categorization is uncertain， there are two theories of feature prediction： the Rational Model and the single-category view. The Rational Model assumes that people will consider all the categories an object could belong to when they judge the likelihood that the object has a feature. The single-category view suggests that people don’t consider multiple categories but only consider the target category. The article will introduce the development of the single-category view.