儿童的孤独感及与同伴交往的关系

Loneliness in Childhood and Relations with Peer Interactions

孤独感是当一个人的社会关系网络比预期的更小或更不满意时产生的一种不愉快的情绪体验，儿童长期处于此状态会导致适应不良。孤独感的社交需要理论认为孤独感是对社交需要未满足的反应，强调孤独感的情感或感受层面；认知加工观主张孤独感的产生是因为个体对觉知到的人际关系现状不满意，强调孤独感的认知成分。同伴交往4个水平上的变量会影响到孤独感的产生，而孤独感作为一种消极的情绪体验，也会对同伴交往产生不良影响。未来研究应该多从家庭功能与同伴交往相结合的角度探讨孤独感的产生机制，对孤独儿童的干预研究也有待开展。

Loneliness is a kind of negative feeling. Being in this state for a long time will lead to children’s maladjustment. Social Needs Theory suggests loneliness is a response to a relational deficit， and emphasizes the affective aspects of loneliness; while cognitive processes approach suggests that loneliness results from dissatisfaction with one’s social perceived social relationships， and emphasizes the cognitive aspects of loneliness. Variables on the four levels of peer experiences， have impacts on loneliness， while as negative emotional experience， loneliness has negative effect on peer experiences. Future studies should be more conducted on the integrative impacts of peer experiences and family functioning on loneliness. What’s more， interventions for lonely children are needed to be conducted.