大学生奥运志愿者对世界英语的态度：奥运后的反思

Student volunteers' attitudes towards world Englishes: A post-Olympic Games reflection

本文报告了一项大学生奥运志愿者语言态度研究的最后阶段，即奥运后阶段的结果。本阶段通过主观投射测试和访谈，综合考察志愿者在奥运结束后一年内对世界英语不同变体的态度和多元文化意识的变化。主观投射测试对象有97 人，其中大部分参加了奥运前的相同测试。测试涉及的语言变体包括美国英语、美国黑人英语、英国英语、印度英语、中国英语。访谈对象22 人，均参与了奥运前和奥运中阶段的访谈。通过与奥运前和奥运中数据的比较发现，奥运后志愿者对于世界英语各变体的态度总体上没有发生明显改变，对于英语内圈变体的评价远远高于外圈和扩展圈变体，语言态度在理性表达（访谈材料）与情感投射（主观投射测试结果）、抽象观念与对具体变体的态度层面之间存在区别，在多数志愿者身上没有看到对奥运经历的深入反思。与此同时，质的材料也呈现了较为细微复杂和多元的态度变化。在材料分析的基础上，本文提出跨文化交际能力的培养应在针对任务的同时着眼长期，进一步融入到跨文化交际志愿者的岗位培训和日常外语教学中。

This paper reports the last part of a two-year research on attitudes of Olympic Games (OG) volunteers towards world Englishes (WE). Through quantitative and qualitative data collected from a subjective reaction test and interviews， the post-OG investigation aimed to examine student volunteers' language attitudes and multicultural awareness within one year after the 2008 OG. Compared with data from prior to and during OG， post-OG results reveal that volunteers' attitudes towards WE did not undergo distinct changes， with their evaluation of the inner-circle English varieties remaining far exceeding that of the outer and expanding circles. Besides， a visible attitudinal gap was found between rational statements (from the interviews) and affective projection (shown in the subjective reaction test)， and between general belief and reaction to specific linguistic varieties. Deep reflection on OG experience was not found on most volunteers. Meanwhile， the qualitative data also demonstrate subtle， complex and diverse attitudinal changes. Based on these findings， it is proposed that the cultivation of intercultural communication competence should be further incorporated into long-term language education as well as volunteer training for intercultural events.