政治语篇中的语用预设及元语用意识--2008年美国总统大选辩论分析

作为一种隐含意，语用预设在交际中具有着重要的作用。如今它更多的被人们作为一种交际策略广泛应用于广告，辩论等情境。本文则以2008年美国总统大选辩论为语料，剖析双方如何运用预设来阐述自己的政见，质疑、批评，甚至攻击对方的政治纲领和政策，从而为自己赢得选民的支持。同时，由于人们不断做出语用选择的过程是受到元语用意思的指导和调控的，文章还在Verschueren提出的语言顺应理论和元语用意识理论的基础上探讨了辩论双方的语用预设背后暗藏的元语用意识。通过这些分析，文章旨在帮助人们更好的理解政治语篇，并为其它语篇的分析提供新视角。

As implied information and preconditions in sentences and discourses， pragmatic presupposition plays a significant role in understanding communications. It is also an effective communicative strategy indeed. When communicating， people constantly make pragmatic choices in accordance with their metapragmatic awareness. Taking 2008 American president election debates as the linguistic material， the paper attempts to analyze how the pragmatic presuppositions are used for questioning and criticizing the policy of the opponents in hopes of winning voters’ support， and meanwhile， to reveal the underlying metapragmatic awareness， so that provides a good way of understanding political discourses， and enlightens all kinds of discourse analysis.