從學校創新經營談教育人員工作內涵、工作壓力及因應策略

The Discussion of Educators’ Working Content, Working Pressure and in Accordance to the Strategy from the School Innovation Management

學校經營模式與學校效能息息相關，在面臨教育改革與教育市場化等變遷時，學校經營內容勢必隨之調整，而教育人員的工作性質亦將不同於以往。當學校舊有思維與運作模式無法回應改革及強化競爭力等需求時，教育人員必然要探尋創新的思維模式以符應新需求。然而學校創新經營雖為時勢所趨，但與傳統經營模式相較之下，從事創新經營所需的人力、財力、物力及時間多上數倍。故進行創新經營雖能跟隨教育變遷的脈動，讓學校精益求精，但勢必會加重教育人員的工作負荷與改變工作內容性質，自然對其工作壓力知覺亦有相當的影響力，使教育人員心生壓力而事倍功半。因此，本文首先就學校創新經營之意義來探討創新經營之工作內涵；其次，分析學校創新經營工作內涵對教育人員帶來之工作壓力為何。而經探討後發現，教育人員之專業知能與外在資源無法回應創新工作之經費、工作負荷、時間限制、技術不確定與任務要求等，即為產生工作壓力之原因。最後針對創新經營可能產生之教育人員工作壓力，研擬具體因應策略與建議。

The content of school management， which is closely linked to its work field， has been varied due to the educational environment changes such as education reform and marketization. Working contents are not like it used to be in schools. The old model and thinking of school management has no answer to the new demands of education reform or school competitiveness reinforcement. It has been asked to seek for innovative thinking in order to achieve new working task， promote job performance and develop school characteristics. Compared to the old-time model of school management， the innovation management might consume more time and resources than before; however， it seems unlikely to end the trend. Implementing school innovation management not only intensifies educators’ workloads but compels them to face considerable pressure. School innovation management puts its emphasis on organization learning， innovation and creativity. It aims to execute education goals， promote school effectiveness and develop school characteristics. Nevertheless， to persist in reproducing innovation ideas while lacking of consideration of their own condition， school innovation management might generate negative effect on educators， such as higher working pressure. Hence， this study firstly aims to investigate the work content of innovation management through examining the definition of school innovation management. Secondly， this study will analyze what working pressure of educators that implementing innovation management might cause. Lastly， it will specify strategies and suggestions for coping with the pressure from implementing school innovation management.