組織政治行為對校長領導之啟示

Th e Concept of Political Behavior in Organizations and Its Implication for Principal Leadership

我國自1986年解嚴之後，社會產生快速的變遷。而在教育方面也開始一連串革新，如教師會的建立、教師評審委員會的設置、家長會功能的強化等，學校組織也必須進行改組與調整。尤其學校已從過去受養護組織轉變成為開放系統，學校組織必須吸收外在資源，才能生存下來。然在爭取資源過程中，在校內首要凝聚成員共識，但隨著教師專業自主權及家長參與校務權力高漲，在凝聚成員共識部分較以往更加複雜。在校外部分，因近來教育資源日漸枯竭，學校所獲得資源比過去來得少。職此，學校校長必須藉由各種權力、聯合、鬥爭、溝通、協調及競合等行為，爭取學校最大的利益，而這些行為就是所謂組織政治行為。本文首先探究組織政治行為的意涵與正負功能，並說明組織中政治行為的三大規準，最後則提出組織政治行為對學校校長領導的啟示。

Th e society of my country， after the lifting of martial law in 1986， hasgone through a fast change. A series of innovations has also started in theaspects of education， such as the constitution of the Teachers’ association，the built of Teacher appraisement committee， and the enhancement onthe function of Parents Association， and etc. Th e school， at the samemoment， needs to carry on reshuffl ing and adjusting. It also needs toabsorb external resources to be able to survive， especially when theschool has turned to an open system from the domesticated organizationin the past. In the process of fi ghting for resources， the fi rst thing to dois to coagulate the consensus of the members in the school. However，with the surge of the Teachers’ professional autonomy and the Parents’\rpower to get involved school aff airs， it’s getting more complicated toagglomerate members’ consensus. For outside of the school， the resourcethe school can acquire became fewer compared to the past because ofthe exhaustion of education resources recently. As a result， the principalin a school needs to fi ght for the biggest benefi t for the school by variouspower， consociation， battles， communication， mediation， competition andcooperation， and etc. And these behaviors are so-called political behaviorin organizations.In this text， I fi rst investigate the meaning of the political behavior inorganizations and its positive and negative functions， and then demonstratethree standards of the political behavior in organizations. At the end， Ipropose its implication for principal leadership as a conclusion