中美网络高等教育宏观结构的比较与分析

Comparative Research on Macro-structures of Online Higher Education between China and America

本文通过对学生规模、开展院校、教育层次和学科门类等方面的数据分析与对比，透视中美网络高等教育在宏观结构上的异同。研究发现，网络教育均已成为中美高等教育的重要组成部分，且在学科分布上具有某些相似性；同时中美两国在很多方面存在较明显差异，包括美国高校网络教育参与度高于我国，而我国校均网络教育规模远远大于美国；校园学生选修网络课程是美国网络高等教育的重要部分，而我国网络课程只作为传统校园学生学习的辅助资源，尚不能通过选修来获得相应学分；美国硕士层次网络教育已有一定发展，而我国网络教育基本不提供研究生层次学历教育等。本文认为，这些差异主要源于中美在网络高等教育认识上、制度上及发展模式上的不同，此外也受到高等教育整体环境与发展阶段、学分转移及跨校选课机制等因素的影响。

The comparisons of online education between China and America in terms of enrollment， offering institutions， levels of education， and discipline structure， indicate that online education has been an important part of higher education both in China and America， and there are similarities in the discipline structures. However， several differences have been identified with respect to online education development between China and America， including: a great number of residential students taking online courses in America， a higher percentage of institutions offering online programs in America， greater enrollment per institution in average in China， the significant development of graduate programs in America. These differences are caused by different policies， philosophies and organizing structures of online education between China and America.