透视美国网络高等教育现状的一个窗口 ─ 斯隆联盟2007年网络高等教育报告解读

A Window to Look at the Landscape of Online Higher Education in the United States ─ Unfolding the Sloan 2007 Annual Report

2007年10月，著名网络高等教育研究机构斯隆联盟发布了题为《线上的国家：网络教育成长的五年》的年度报告。这是斯隆联盟自2003年来发布的关于美国网络高等教育现状的第五个报告，这一系列报告已成为透视美国网络高等教育发展的一个不可多得的窗口。本文从 2007年度报告的概况入手，分别从美国网络高等教育的发展现状、发展动因与前景预期以及制约因素等方面进行了解读，认为美国网络高等教育基本的竞争格局已经形成，其增长点因院校类型和规模各异；美国高等院校介入网络教育笉动因主要是扩大教育供给、促进教育公平，而且正面临着从”增量增长”向”存量增长”的历史转变；美国网络高等教育的可持续发展有赖于各参与群体的成熟与合作。最征本文提出了几点 启示，即我国网络高等教育的健康可持续发展不仅需要一个成熟的市场环境，而且需要一整套完善的市场化体制与机制作为制度保障；还有赖于思想观念与发展模式上的进一歩革新与突破；此外，网络教育机构应重视市场观念，加强对市场真实求的把握及应对能力。

In October 2007， Sloan Consortium released the fifth annual survey report on online higher learning in the United States， Online Nation：Five Years of Growth in Online Learning. This is the fifth status report by Sloan Consortium since 2003， which has become a rare way to understand the development of online higher learning in the United States. In this paper， the authors unfold the findings of this report from the perspectives of status， reasons， motivations， prospects and barriers of online higher learning in the United States. At the same time， the authors propose that the framework of competition for online higher learning has been built during the past five years and the growth engine is different among the institutions， according to different education levels and number of recruit students. The motivation to engage in higher online learning of all the institutions are facing a paradigm shift from increment growth to capacity growth. Besides， the substantial growth of higher online learning lies on the collaboration among the participants and the related shareholders. Finally， the authors put forward that the sustainable development among the participants and the related shareholders. Finally， the authors put forward that the sustainable development of online higher education in China requires not only a mature market environment， but also a set of sound market─oriented system and mechanism as a system of protection. Its development also depends on the innovation and breakthrough of ideas and models， especially to breakthrough the barrier that all people lack of confidence in the quality of higher online learning. And online higher education institutions in China should pay more attention to the market concept and strengthen the response capacities for the market demands.