旨在培养解决问题的高层次能力——马扎诺认知目标分类学详解

Foster High-level Ability of Problem-solving——The Systemic Explanation of Marzano’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Objectives

马扎诺认知目标分类学是其“新教育目标分类学”的重要组成部分。本文介绍了马扎诺认知目标分类学中知识系统和认知系统的要义及其相互作用。知识系统分为信息、心理过程和心理动作过程；认知系统分为提取、领会、分析和知识运用，两个系统相互作用的要旨在于培养学习者解决问题的高层次能力。马扎诺认知目标分类学从人的行为模式出发整体考虑学习的机制，贯穿了一条重视学习者思维能力和自我调节能力的主线，视角独特、务实精准。

Marzano’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Objectives is one of important parts in The New Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. This paper introduces the essential parts and interaction of knowledge system and cognitive system in Marzano’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Objectives. Knowledge system consists of information， mental procedures and psychomotor procedures， and cognitive system consists of cognitive objectives retrieval， comprehension， analysis， generalizing， specifying and knowledge utilization. The purpose of two systems’ reciprocity is fostering learners’ high-level ability of problem-solving. Based on model of behavior， considering learning mechanisms， learners’ thought abilities and self-regulation as the research theme， Marzano’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Objectives is special， realistic and exact.