论学习环境中资源、工具与评价的设计

The Design of Resources, Tools and Evaluation in Learning Environment

本文从学习环境设计理念与实践的角度，探讨了资源、工具与评价的设计与应用问题。在学习环境设计中，资源是支持任务学习或问题研究的必备条件之一，是需要认真设计的重要构件之一。学习环境中的工具是指学习工具。学习工具是指有益于学习者查找、获取和处理信息，交流协作，建构知识，以具体的方法组织并表述理解和评价学习效果的中介。在学习环境设计中，比较注重信息技术作为学习工具的设计与应用。学习环境中的评价与传统的教学评价是不同的。为了真正促进学习者能力的发展，学习者必须体验解决真实问题的过程，理解复杂的学习任务。因此，评价应当尽可能是基于真实任务的、复杂的、能挑战学习者思维过程的，评价的标准能反映多元化的观点和多样化的问题解决方案。

Based on theoretical and practical perspectives of learning environments（LEs）， this paper discusses the design and application of resources， tools and evaluation in Les. In the design of Les， resource is one of the indispensable conditions to support task─based learning or problem─based research， and also one of the most important components to consider. The tools in learning environment refer to learning tools， which is a series of media facilitating learners to seek， access and process information， to communicate and collaborate， to construct knowledge， and to organize and represent understanding with multi─methods and evaluate learning effects. In learning environments， the role of information technology as learning tools is stressed. In learning environments， ways of evaluation are different from traditional ones. In order to promote the development of learners， learners should experience the process of solving authentic problems， understanding the complex learning tasks. Therefore， ways of evaluation should be authentic task─based， complex and challenging. The criteria of evaluation should include multi─viewpoints and various solutions of problem solving.