學習類型、認知加工和教學結果──當代著名教育心理學家理察德˙梅耶的學習觀一瞥

Types of Learning, Cognitive Processing and Instructional Outcomes─A Brief Glimpse of R. Mayer’s Perspective of Learning

學習從本質上來說是一種認識建構。學習時形成三種記憶的過程離不開對信息進行選擇、組織和整合。促使教學結果從重視保持走向關注遷移，關鍵是要花力氣將機械學習轉變為意義學習。為此，需要獨辟蹊徑，穩妥而紮實地推進教學改革。

Learning can be interpreted in nature as knowledge construction， and the selection， organization and integration of information are indispensable for the three types of memory involved in learning. The exploration of the influence of teaching on learning has been the main pursuit of educational psychology and has revealed that the shift of spotlight from retention to transfer as instructional outcomes calls for an energetic change from rote learning to meaningful learning， which means to develop a new instructional approach by pushing on steady and substantial innovation.