社会资本视角下19世纪柏林大学之崛起

A social capital perspective on the rise of the Berlin University in 19th century

柏林大学模式是高等教育研究中一个无法绕开的“热点”问题。社会资本概念为研究柏林大学崛起提供了新的理论视角。从外部关系来看，柏林大学已经融入政府网络，摆脱了宗教束缚，与社会保持一定距离，坚持“纯粹知识”（Wissenschaft）的真理探究；从大学内部关系看，底部科层化和顶部非等级制的组织内部，既存在着学术竞争，也存在着科研合作；从制约大学内外部关系运营的非正式制度来看，民族意识形态的觉醒、唯心主义思想的力量以及德国传统大学的习俗惯例等，都为柏林大学产生和发展奠定了坚实基础。柏林大学的崛起，为当下中国大学尤其是研究型大学的发展提供了诸多理论借鉴。

The Model of Berlin University is an important issue in Higher Education Research. The social capital concept has offered a theoretical perspective of how Berlin University rising. In respect of its external relations， Berlin University had been integrated into the government network， disengaged the shackles of religion， maintained a certain distance from the society and insisted Wissenschaft research. In terms of its internal relations， Berlin University had the bureaucracy at the bottom and the non-hierarchical on the top， there were both academic competition and scientific cooperation. From the angle of the informal system， the awakening of the Nation’s ideology， the strength of the idealist thinking and the traditions of German University have laid a solid foundation to Berlin University.