大规模学生评估的影响力与重要性：德国视角

Impact and Importance of Large-Scale Assessments：A German Perspective

二十年来，大规模学生评估对教育研究、学校体系和教育政策产生了深远影响。[国际中学生评估项目](PISA)、[国际学生数学与科学能力动态项目](TIMSS)和[国际学生阅读能力进步研究项目](PIRLS)使各个国家学生成绩值具有一定可比性，由此，人们能更细致地从学校内部来观察不同国家学校工作的差异度。大规模学生评估还为学校发展、教育领导以及学生成绩的改进提供必要数据。本文以PIRLS为例，旨在从德国视角为中国今后开展大规模国际学生评估提供借鉴。

In the past two decades， international Large-Scale-Assessments have had major impact on educational research， school systems and educational policies. Studies like PISA， TIMSS， and PIRLS offer achievement scores for each nation which are comparable to other national achievement scores and give a detailed inside view on how different schools work in different nations. In this way， Large-Scale-Assessments provide data to improve school development， education leadership and student performance. The case of PIRLS can provide useful experience and lessons for China.