中国学生贷款补贴的资助功能与绩效评价

An Evaluation of the Performance of Government-Subsidized Student Loan in China

目前我国的国家助学贷款有贴息、代偿、风险补偿金、税收优惠等四种补贴形式。在利率市场化条件下，贴息、代偿等直接补贴和风险补偿金、税收优惠等间接补贴都可以扩大资助面，减轻还贷负担，且绩效水平相同；而在现实条件下，由于存在着利率管制，直接补贴只能减轻学生还贷负担，间接补贴只能扩大资助面，且二者的资助绩效各不相同。由于现行的混合补贴方案存在着效率缺失，政府可放松利率管制，并将间接补贴转化为直接补贴，以改善资助效应。

Government-Subsidized Student Loan in China has four government subsidies：interest discount， commutation， risk fund and tax preference. According to subsidy mode， they could be classified into direct subsidy and indirect subsidy. It is found that， under the conditions of interest rate liberalization， all of the four subsidies could enlarge aid coverage and lighten debt burden， with their performance being the same. However， under the conditions of interest rate control， direct subsidy could only lighten debt burden while indirect subsidy could only enlarge aid coverage， and their performance is different. Because of the inefficiency of the current mixed- subsidy program， the government should liberate interest rate gradually， and turn indirect subsidy into direct subsidy so as to improve its performance.