建立”新大学”：法国高等教育改革的逻辑

Establish “New Universities”：The Logic of the Recent Higher Education Reform in France

法国的大学受历史因素影响，长期缺乏自治，经历数十年的渐进改革后，正逐歩摆脱拿破仑时间的治理架构，但仍然面临着许多困难和危机。2007年法国通过了”大学自由和责任法”，意图深化高等教育改革，给予大学真正的自治。改革不仅改变了既有的治理结构，也对许多社会核心价值产生了冲突。这场攺革仍在进行中，结果未知，但其所引起的种种争议，其本身是深刻和复杂的，渉及高等教育中的公平与效率等经典问题。本文将这场改革及其争论进行整理、综述和分析。

For historical reasons， there has been a lack of autonomy in French universities for a long time. After several decades’ gradual reforms， French universities are trying to get rid of the governance structure established by Napoleon. However， they still face many difficulties and crisis. In 2007， France adopted the law relative to liberties and responsibilities of universities in a bid to deepen higher education reform and to endow universities with more autonomy. From the very beginning， the French society was involved in a great debate and conflict. The reform will not only change the existing structure， but also challenge some fundamental values of French society. The result is unknown as the reform is still in progress， whereas the problems and debates raised by the reform themselves are profound and complex， concerning classical problems in higher education， such as equity and efficiency. This article summarizes and analyses this reform and its dilemma.