影响高校毕业生就业的社会资本因素分析

The Impact of So ial Capital on Employment of University Graduates

社会资本是近年来学术界研究较多的一个问题。本文在对社会资本及大学生就业相关文献进行梳理的基础上，利用北京大学教育学院「高等教育规模扩展与劳动力市场」课题组于2005年6月对全国34所高校调查的数据，对大学生社会资本状况，社会资本对大学生毕业去向、就业落实率、起薪及工作满意度的影响，进行了实证分析。本文的主要研究结果如下：(1)与来自社会经济地位较口的家庭的学生相比，朲社会弱势家庭的学生在家庭社会资本与个人社会资本上都比较８缺乏；(2)大学生毕业选择就业或升学时，家庭社会交往广泛度对升学选择产生显著的正面影响，而个人社会交往广泛度对就业产生了显著的正面影响；(3)社会资本与大学毕业生的就业落实、起薪、工作满意度存在着显著的正面影响；(4)社会资本对大专生和本科生就业落实率有较为显著的正的影响，但是对硕士和博士的就业落实率没有显著影响。

There is increasing research on social capital. This paper addresses the impact of the social capital on the employment of university graduates. After reviewing literatures on social capital and the employment of university graduates， the authors analyze the data collected by Graduate School of Education， Peking University from 34 universities in June 2005. Statistical analysis are conducted to clarify the impact of social capital on students’ graduation choices， employment rate， starting salary， job satisfaction， and employment of graduates with different educational levels. Several conclusions have been drawn as follows: 1. The social capital is different for the students with different social backgrounds. The social capital has positive relationship with family background. 2. The personal social capital has significant impact on the students’ choice of getting a job， but the family social capital has significant impact on the choice of continuing education. 3. Both family social capital and personal social capital have significant positive impact on university graduates’ employment rate， starting salary and job satisfaction. 4. The social capital has more significant and positive impact on the employment rate for graduates at bachelor and associate degree levels than graduates at master and doctor degree levels.