中国民办高校治理结构的转型困境分析

A Study on the Dilemma of the Transition of Governance Structure in Chinese Private Higher Education Institutions in Transitional China

随着我国民办高校从初创阶段开始转向提高、完善阶段，学校治理结构由不规范的董事会领导下的校长负责制向严格的董事会领导下的校长负责制转化就成为民办高校发展壮大的必然要求。然而，这种有利于组织效率改进的制度变迁却没有普遍发生，民办高校目前处于治理结构的转型困境。本文运用路径依赖理论，从初始产权结构、制度预期和传统文化等角度分析和揭示了民办高校治理结构转型困境的路径依赖效应，阐述了要超越和克服路径依赖，必须将注意力集中于发挥国家和高校管理者等制度变迁主体的积极作用，从而使民办高校治理结构脱离无效率的「锁定」状态，步入有效率的演进路径。

With the shift of the private institutions from the initial stage to the rapid development stage， it becomes necessary for private institutions to establish a rigorous board of directors so as to replace the previous board of non-standard. However， such institutional change has happened in some cases but not everywhere. The reality tells us it is extremely difficult to alter governance structure in private institutions. Through investgating previous studies， the author employing the Path Dependence theory， explains why the dilemma of the transition of governance structure in Chinese private institutions has occurred. Three sources of path dependence are discussed， namely， the initial equity structure， Chinese traditional culture and the preference of entrepreneur’s behavior. In order to promote a smooth transition， some suggestions are also brought forward for both the nation and managers of private institutions.