统考组题：高考模式创新的经济学分析

Combination the Unified Entrance Examination with Tests：An Economic Analysis on Innovation of University Entrance Examination Model

高考改革的大势是由传统的统一考试转向更为个性化的单独考试，但这种变革在给考生和高校带来一定好处的同时，也引起个人和社会负担成本的大幅增加，并影响到教育公平。从经济学角度分析高考表明，更加完全的统一考试，加上自由的个性化组题和统分相结合，即构成统考组题模式。在这种模式下，考生”各得其所”，高校”各取所需”，避开对统一分数的过度竞争，实现社会的最优配置。个人（考生）仅负担一个很小的不变成本，只要稍微提高一点社会成本（高校的录取费用等），就可大幅度增加个人和高校的效用。

The University Entrance Examination has been reformed to be more flexible and with more personalities. Although these changes have benefited examinees and high education institutes as well to a certain degree， they also have caused a substantial increase in the cost of both individuals and society， and threatened education equity. This paper analyzes the University Entrance Examination from the perspective of economics. It finds that to make the national unified examination perfect and additionally to introduce personalized tests can form a new model of “Combining Unified Entrance Examination with Test”. This model can prevent from excessive competition for scores of a mere National University Entrance Examination and help to realize optional allocation of society. Thus， the examinees gain benefits properly and universities can screen applicants according to their needs. Only a small burden of each examinee and a slight increase of social cost （cost of admission） are necessary to implement this model but a improvement of screen system can be achieved.