長期照顧機構老年歧視之現況研究──以臺中地區護理之家與老人福利機構為例

Current Status of Ageism in Long-term Care Institutions–A Study in Nursing Home and Senior Citizens’Welfare Institutions in Taichung City

目標：「老年歧視」是僅次於種族與性別歧視的第三大歧視，負向的認知、態度與行為，皆會影響老人生理、心理及社會的發展。長期照顧機構人員倘若存有老年歧視，可能對老人產生身心危害，甚至不公平的對待老人，帶來更大的負面後果。故本研究旨在探討長期照顧機構之護理人員老年歧視現況及影響因素。
方法：採橫斷式研究方法，以臺中地區護理之家與老人福利機構之護理人員為收案對象，研究工具以翻譯之弗拉博尼老年歧視量表（Fraboni Scale of Ageism, FSA）進行問卷調查，共發放103份問卷，回收98份有效問卷，有效回收率達95.1％，統計方法以SPSS 25.0版進行描述性與推論性統計分析。
結果：護理人員曾修習老年護理學課程者，老年歧視分數較低（p <.01）；與老人同住時間和老年歧視總分[r（-.21），p= .041]呈現負相關，表示與老人同住時間越久，老年歧視分數也越低。
結論：建議長期照顧機構護理人員皆應於在學時修習老年護理學的教育課程，在職教育課程規劃也應納入老年歧視相關議題，以培養及發揮正確的態度，提升長期照顧機構老人的生活品質。

Objectives:“Ageism”is the third largest discrimination after racism and sexism discrimination. Negative perceptions, attitudes and behaviors will affect the physical, psychological, and social development of the elderly.
If the staff members have ageism, they may cause physical and mental harm to the elderly, or even treat them unfairly, which will bring greater negative effects. This study aims to explore ageism and its impact factors among the nursing staff in long-term care institutions.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research which was conducted in nursing home and senior citizens’welfare institutions in Taichung City. A questionnaire developed from Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) was used. A total of 103 questionnaires were distributed, and 98 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.1%. The statistical method was SPSS version 25.0 for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.
Results: This study found that nursing staff who had taken courses related to elderly care were less likely to have ageism (p < .01). There is anegative correlation between the length of time living with the elderly and the total ageism score [r (-.21), p= .041], which means that the longer a person lives with the elderly, the lower his/her ageism score.
Conclusions: Nursing staff in long-term care institutions are required to take education courses in geriatric care during school. On-the-job education planning should also incorporate issues related to ageism to cultivate and develop the right attitude towards the elderly, thereby improving the quality of life of the elderly in long-term care institutions.