國小學童健康素養及復原力研究

A Study on Health Literacy and Resilience of Elementary School Students

目標：學童之健康素養及心理健康皆是我國對學生健康促進過程中重要的一環，其中復原力更是學生自我調適不可或缺的能力，本研究旨在探討臺灣國小高年級學童健康素養及復原力之現況，並分析學童健康素養與學童復原力之影響關係。
方法：本研究為橫斷式研究，以臺灣國小高年級學童為目標族群，採用方便取樣抽取北、中、南地區之五、六年級在學學童，共198名研究對象，並以自擬結構式問卷進行資料蒐集，最後以SPSS統計套裝軟體進行各項統計分析，描述性統計以次數、百分比、平均值、單題平均數及標準差進行分析與呈現，推論統計以單因子變異數分析、獨立樣本t檢定、皮爾森積差相關分析及線性迴歸分析進行分析。
結果：研究結果呈現學童整體健康素養（Mean＝96.42）及整體復原力（Mean＝87.57）表現中等以上。學童整體康素養及復原力不會因為背景變項而有顯著差異，但10歲學童於健康素養量表之「正向人際互動」分向度（p<.05）及復原力量表之「情緒調節」分向度（p<.05）表現較佳；男學童於復原力量表之「希望與樂觀」分向度（p<.05）表現較佳。學童健康素養與復原力達顯著正相關（r＝.786, p<.01）。學童背景變項及健康素養預測復原力的回歸模式中，健康素養達統計上顯著水準（p<.001）。
結論：依據研究結果建議未來於教育實務上規劃提升正向人際互動與情緒調節之課程，以緩解學童隨年齡成長於正向人際互動與情緒調節表現的落差，為有需要之學童提供協助與支持，加以促進學童健康素養及復原力的提升。

Objectives: The health literacy and mental health of students are an important part of promoting health, and resilience is an indispensable ability for students to adjust themselves. The purpose of this study was to explore the current status of health literacy and resilience among senior elementary school student in Taiwan, and to analyze the relationship between students' health literacy and resilience.
Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design targeting senior elementary school students in Taiwan. The participants were selected from fifth-and sixth-grade students in the northern, central, and southern regions of Taiwan through convenience sampling, resulting in a total of 198 students. Data were collected using a self-designed structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS software package. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, item mean, and standard deviation, were used for analysis and presentation. Inferential statistics were performed using one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test, Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis.
Results: The results show that health literacy (Mean=96.42) and resilience (Mean=87.57) of students are above average. Health literacy and resilience of student will not be significantly different due to background variables, but the“positive interpersonal interaction”(p<.05)of the health literacy scale and the“Emotional Regulation”(p<.05)of the resilience scale of 10-year-old students performed better; male students performed better in the“Hope and Optimism”of the resilience scale (p<.05). There is a significant positive correlation between student's health literacy and resilience (r=.786, p<.01). Student's background variables and health literacy can effectively predict their resilience (F=78.092, p<.001).
Conclusions: Based on the research findings, it is recommended that future educational practices include the development of curricula aimed at enhancing positive interpersonal interactions and emotional regulation. This will help mitigate the decline in students’performance in these areas as they age. Additionally, it is suggested to provide necessary assistance and support to students in need. These efforts aim to improve students’health literacy and resilience.