中国高等教育需求与供给的实证分析

An Empirical Study about Supply and Demand of Chinese Higher Education

从需求看，中国高等教育的规模还无法满足城乡居民不断增长的高等教育需求；从供给看，中国高等学校的教育资源还存在一定程度的闲置；从效果看，中国大学生的就业率在下降、高等教育资金的使用率不高。为了解决中国高等教育发展中的矛盾，国家应根据高等教育发展面临的主要问题研究制定心世纪中国高等教育的教育方针，根据高等学校的生师比确定高等学校招生规模；同时国应该改革高等教育投资方式、建立健全高等教育收费制度、建立健全高等教育监管体系，促进中国高等教育事业健康快速的发展。

Regarding demand side， the scale of Chinese higher education can’t satisfy the increasing needs of both rural and urban people. And from supply side， the education resources in some institutions are not well utilized. As a result， the employment rate of undergraduates has been declining， and the use of budget funds is inefficient. How to solve these issues in the development process of Chinese higher education? Governments are expected to necessarily make suitable policies responding to these issues in 21st century. Based on the teacher-student ratio in higher education sector， student recruitment should be determined within a certain range. Besides， it is necessary to reform the allotment of budget funds and improve the fee charging system and perfect supervising system so as to promote Chinese higher education smoothly.