「神話」和「遺產」之辯：洪堡理念再思考

Mythos or Legacy: Rethinking Humboldtian Idea

目前學界對洪堡理念所包含的主要觀點已達成基本共識，但對其歷史真實性仍存爭論，具體表現為「洪堡神話」和「洪堡遺產」兩種觀點，這種爭論本質上是圍繞洪堡理念作為一套高等教育價值體系的本體在場性和環境響應性所進行的考證和評價。通過重新審視洪堡理念的內涵和爭論的主要焦點，對近現代德國高等教育政策和制度變遷相關重要事件和研究文獻進行回溯分析，認為洪堡理念自產生之時便深嵌於德國高等教育治理的話語體系中，作為一種集體文化記憶，始終為德國各個時期的高等教育改革提供一種適當性邏輯。

Disputes regarding the historical reality of the Humboldtian Idea have persisted, despite consensus among scholars from various camps on its connotations. This dispute itself necessitates investigations and evaluations of the Humboldtian Idea’s ontological presence and environmental responsiveness as a value system for tertiary education. By reexamining the focal points of this debate through retrospective interpretations of key events and literatures concerning policy evolution and institutional evidence, it is confirmed that the Humboldtian Idea was embedded within the discourse of German higher education governance at its inception as a form of collective cultural memory. Additionally, its role in providing legitimacy to each phase of German higher education reform is underscored.