探討教育——職業不相稱對青壯就業者薪資之影響

The Effect of Subjective Job-Education Mismatch on Adults’Earnings

在台灣的高等教育擴張後，學歷通膨的現象於焉產生，低薪與教育-職業不相稱的問題逐漸受到關注。垂直的教育-職業不相稱常展現於過量教育，水平的不相稱則展現於學非所用。針對不相稱的衡量，還有分客觀與主觀方法上的不同。本研究欲了解我國20歲至40歲青壯就業者之教育－職業不相稱情形，使用自行研發之網路問卷，並兼採各學群畢業生人數及地區人數進行抽樣以符合母群體分布，共取得1343筆有效資料，最後透過階層迴歸分別探究不同個人背景變項、工作背景變項與自評教育－職業不相稱對就業者薪資之解釋力。研究發現，個人背景變項、工作背景變項與教育-職業不相稱均對薪資有解釋力。在控制了其他變項後，自評過量教育、學用較無關聯者之薪資會低於適量教育、學用相關者。本研究結果可供大學教育與政策制定之參考。未來研究可分析長期追蹤資料，以進行個別動態與世代比較。

Degree inflation has been existed after the higher education expanded. The problem of low pay and job-education mismatch is found. The main purpose of this study was to survey the earnings and working conditions for 1343 adults aged 20 to 40 years old and evaluate the effect of job-education mismatch on earning by using web questionnaire. Personal background variables, work background variables and job-education mismatch on earning were entered hierarchically in a regression to investigate the incremental variation that could account for. The empirical results indicated that the personal background variables, the work background variables and the job-education mismatch all could explain significant variation. Specifically, over-education and under-utilized skill negatively affected earning after controlling for personal background variables and work background variables. Suggestions for future research are provided based on the findings.