德国、日本与美国主要大学研究所学位授予比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Post-Graduate Level Degree Conferral System of Major Universities in Germany, Japan and United States

近年来，台湾高等教育扩张中，数量增加最快的教育层级为研究生教育，特别是硕士班的教育。此一趋势为研究生教育带来新的挑战：究竟研究生教育的定位应为传统上培育研究高深学术的人才，还是具有实务导向的专业人才？本文针对德国、日本、美国三国的27所著名大学，分析整理其研究生层级、包括硕士与博士阶段的学位授予的规定，了解其学术导向与专业导向学位的修习内涵、毕业条件与学位名称。研究结果可供调查研究所学位分化与学位授予规定之参考。

Recent expansion of higher education in Taiwan has focused on the graduate-level programs， especially at the master’s degree level. This vast expansion has brought challenges to the traditional academic-oriented degree conferral system. This study intends to investigate if the differentiation of academic and professional degree is an international trend. Official degree conferral information and regulations from 27 major universities in Germany， Japan and United States were gathered and analyzed at the master’s and doctoral level to answer the question. The results do shed light on how to improve degree conferral regulations and graduate education in Taiwan.