西班牙高等教育私有化分析

Privatizing Higher Education in Spain

在过去的30年中，西班牙的高等教育经了许多变化。在1993年，由于人们对私立大学的合法性的认可开始了高等教育的竞争状态。1998年以来，由于学生人数的减少以及人们对高等教育需求的下降，进一步推进了高等教育的改革。2001年，西班牙政府颁布了一项新制度以推动公立大学的市场化行为和私有化运行。尽管目前来评价这些变化的作用可能为时尚早，因为大学公共资金拨付制度仍保留不变，而这是今后需要调整的关键问题，这样才能为高等教育提供真正的竞争。虽然市场已经进入到西班牙高等教育领域中，但是公立大学源源不尽的公共资金将是阻止一个真正公平竞争的市场形成的一股巨大的力量。

The Spanish university system has witnessed many changes in the last thirty years. Initial conditions for competitions were laid down in 1983， especially through the recognition of legal status to private universities. However， the shortage of students since 1998 and the drop on demand for higher education has prompted further reform in the last few years. A new regulation was enacted in 2001 in order to force market─like behavior and to privatize some operating conditions of state universities. Although it might be too early to assess the effectiveness of these changes， public funding remains mostly authentic competition in the higher education industry. Although the market has been introduced in the provision of higher education in Spain， endless（almost）public funding of state universities is a powerful distortion preventing the development of a truly competitive and fair market.