1990至2022年全球的教育年數對國民所得貢獻之後設分析

Meta-Analysis of the Global Years of Education’s Contribution to National Income From 1990 to 2022

本研究從聯合國開發署蒐集1990至2022年33個年度175個國家資料，後設分析教育年數與國民所得關聯效果量，以及人類發展指數與預期壽命對於教育年數與國民所得關聯效果量的影響。研究顯示：33個年度教育年數和國民所得關聯的平均效果量為0.60，教育年數對於國民所得的解釋變異量為36.00%，屬於中度效果量。1990年175個國家的教育年數平均為9.88年；2000年增加到11.20年；2022年增加至13.56年，同期間國民所得各為13,567美元、15,734美元、21,057美元，隨著年代往後推移，教育年數與國民所得逐漸提高。2020年至2022年教育年數對於國民所得影響效果量高於2020之前各年段。後設迴歸分析發現，1990至2022年全球人類發展指數與預期壽命愈高，教育年數和國民所得關聯的效果量愈大。支持了國家發展水準提升與國民健康會提高教育對於經濟發展的貢獻。各國在追求人力資本投資，提高經濟發展影響的同時，應宜注意國家發展歷程中，國民健康對於經濟發展的重要。

The main purpose of this study is to collect data from the United Nations Development Program on 175 countries in 33 years from 1990 to 2022, and conducted a post hoc analysis of the correlation effect be¬tween years of education and national income, as well as the impact of the human development index and life expectancy on the correlation effect between years of education and national income. The study showed that the average effect size of 33 years of education and national income was 0.60, and the explained variation of education on national income was 36.0%, which was a moderate effect size. In 1990, the average number of years of education in 175 countries around the world was 9.88 years; in 2000, it increased to 11.20 years; and in 2022, it increased to 13.56 years. During the same period, the national income was US$13,567, US$15,734, and US$21,057. Over these years, as time went on, the number of years of education and national income gradually increased. Therefore, the im¬pact of education on national income from 2020 to 2022 was generally higher than that in the years before 2020. Meta-regression analysis found that the higher the global human development index and life expectancy from 1990 to 2022, the greater the effect size of the association between years of education and national income. This supported the improvement of the national development level and the health of the people, which will increase the contribution of education to economic development. While governments of 175 countries were pursuing the improvement of the im¬pact of human capital investment on economic development, they should pay attention to the importance of national health to economic develop¬ment in the process of national development.