一场值得永远铭记的社会改革运动 ─ 清末废科举的历史反思

An Important Lesson Learned from the Modern History in China ─ The reflection of the abolishment of imperial examinations in Qing dynasty

对科举制度废除一百年的纪念，提供给我们一个更深入认识科举制度和更有效推进社会改革的契机。笔者指出，分析和评价科举废除的成败得失，前提是应紧密联系科举考试走过的历史轨迹，从更长时段、更大范围透视科举考试的本质与特征。其次，科举废除这一事件提示我们应关注社会改革中的心理建设和观念整合。笔者主张，对现有制度的任何重大的改革必须有全局性思维和长远眼光，综合考虑改革的成本与代价，积极寻找更有效的替代性方案，这是科举制度废提供的历史教训。

In this paper， the author points out that now it is a good chance for us to reflect on the abolishment of imperial examinations one century ago. The author thinks that if we want to estimate the value of imperial examinations and to grasp the character of it， we should memorize the history of the imperial examinations， which needs us to inspect it from a long time and a new angle of view. The author emphasizes that we should recognize the importance of the thoughts of demos when the reformation begins. In the end， the author points out that any kinds of reformation of our society needs the overall consideration for coasts with the foresights， and needs us to seek for the more effective replacement， which is the historical lesson we learn from the Imperial Examination Abolishment.