设定考试标准的步骤和方法

Setting Standards on Educational Tests

考试标准的设定是一项系统工程，本文介绍了选择切点的六个步骤和四种比较常用的方法。六个步骤是确定标准的类型、确定设定标准的方法、选择评判者、举行设定标准的会议、计算标准和确定以后要做的工作。四种比较常用的方法是相对的方法、以试题评判为依据的绝对的方法、以应试者个人评判为基础的绝对的方法和折衷的方法。

Methods for setting a standard are systematic techniques. This paper introduces the practical steps and more popular methods in selecting the cutpoint. The steps for setting a standard include deciding on the type of standard；deciding the method for setting it；selecting the judges；holding the standard setting meeting calculating the standard， and establishing what to do afterwards. The common methods for setting the standard can be divided into four categories， including relative methods；absolute methods based on judgment about individual examinees；and compromise methods.