论美国高等教育的独立性

The Independence of American Higher Education

独立性是高等教育本质特征之一。本文从美国高等教育独立性存在和发展的历史条件，独立性的基石；大学自治、学术自由；独立性的制度保障；教育立法三个方面入手，对美国高等教育的独立性进行有益的探讨，指出美国高等教育的独立性形成有着其独特的历史背景和文化传统，进而指出独立性从严格意义上讲就是大学自治加学术自由，它们是一个不断演变的概念，并越来越受到广泛的认可，受到教育立法的保护，从而形成了今天独具魅力的美国高等教育系统。最后本文对美国高等教育独立性的新发展怍出了一些分析，指出美国高等教育越来越多的受到来自外部的干预，独立性有被逐步占据主导地位的政治论的高等教育哲学掩盖的可能。

Independence is one of the natures of higher education. This paper discusses the independence of American higher education from three aspects of historical conditions for the independence being and development， its foundation stone， the system guarantee for autonomy and academic freedom， and the education legislation. It points out that the independent higher education in America develops with its unique historical background and cultural tradition. Strictly speaking， independence means the synthesis of the university autonomy and academic freedom. As an evolving conception， it is now recognized generally by the society and protected by the law， and finally shapes the modern American higher education system. In the end， this paper analyzes some new developments of American higher education independence， puts forward that the system now is intervened more and more by the outside. The author believes it is possible for the university independence to be replaced generally by the educational philosophical called politics.